Exploring EIP-3074: The Future of Ethereum Wallet Upgrades

Ethereum wallets may soon undergo a transformative upgrade. With the proposed changes from EIP-3074, externally owned accounts (EOAs) will gain the ability to send batch transactions, schedule delayed transactions, process out-of-order transactions, and more—without requiring ETH balances.

How EIP-3074 Works: AUTH and AUTHCALL Opcodes

Developed by @lightclients, @\_SamWilsn\_, and @adietrichs, EIP-3074 introduces two new Ethereum opcodes:

AUTH: Validates a signature from an EOA against an off-chain message.
AUTHCALL: Executes a call while setting the msg.sender to the EOA's address (verified via AUTH).

This enables a relay system where:

Users sign messages containing their intended actions.
Relayers submit these signatures + call data to an Invoker Contract.
The invoker uses AUTH to verify signatures, then AUTHCALL to execute transactions on behalf of the user.

👉 Discover how this compares to meta-transactions

Key Advantages Over Meta-Transactions

Feature	Meta-Transactions	EIP-3074
Contract Support	Requires explicit integration	Works with any contract
Gas Abstraction	Complex fee delegation	Native ETH-less transactions
Flexibility	Limited by design	Customizable via commit_hash

Trustless Design Principles

EIP-3074 achieves decentralization through carefully structured signatures. Users sign:
keccak(0x03 ++ invoker_address ++ commit_hash)

Critical Components:

Type Byte (0x03): Prevents signature conflicts with other standards (EIP-1559, EIP-2930).
Invoker Address: Binds execution to a specific contract, allowing users to choose trusted invokers.
Commit Hash: Enables advanced rules (expiration, nonces, multi-call bundles).

Example: Batch Transactions

By hashing multiple calls into a single commit_hash, invokers can:

Verify all parameters (nonces, expiration blocks)
Execute authenticated calls sequentially
Maintain security without requiring per-transaction signatures

Potential Use Cases

Gas Sponsorship: Apps can pay fees for users via relayers.
Transaction Scheduling: Set future-dated executions using expiration parameters.
Multi-Operation Bundles: Swap tokens + deposit to DeFi in one signature.

👉 Explore advanced invoker implementations

FAQ

Q: Is EIP-3074 live on Ethereum mainnet?
A: Not yet—it's currently in proposal stage with prototype implementations available.

Q: How does this differ from smart contract wallets?
A: EIP-3074 works with existing EOAs, while SC wallets require migration. Both can coexist.

Q: What security audits are needed?
A: Invoker contracts require rigorous auditing like major DeFi projects due to their privileged role.

Q: Can invokers steal funds?
A: No—they can only execute calls the user explicitly signed for via commit_hash constraints.

For the complete technical specification, refer to the EIP-3074 official documentation. The go-ethereum prototype is available here.

This content adheres to Ethereum Community Network's mission to provide accurate, trustless educational resources for the Chinese Ethereum ecosystem.